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cervical cancer and new first indigenous HPV vaccine

Cancer ♋                  Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and continues spreading. What cause cancer   Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. A change can caused genes involved in normal cell grow to become  onko Genes.  Unlike normal gene, onkogene cannot be turnd off ,  so they cause uncontrolled cell growth .   Cervical cancer   Cervical cancer is 2nd largest killer among woman after breast cancer. Its main cause is HPV VIRUS.  HPV virus  HPV is common family of virus that are transmitted through sexual contact. This is not to say that all HPV infections can  lead to cancer in fact over 80% of  woman have an  HPV infection in their lifetime and almost of them can clear it. There are two or four type of HPV that lead to 70-80% of all the cervical cancer ---> HPV 16 AND HPV 18 - cause of 99% survival cancer...
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Regional Rural Banks

 


What are RRBs

The Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in 1975 under the provisions of the 

Ordinance promulgated on 26th September 1975 and Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976.

RRBs are financial institutions which ensure adequate credit for agriculture and 

  • other rural sectors.
  • The RRBs combine the characteristics of a cooperative in terms of the 
  • familiarity 
  • of the rural problems and a commercial bank in terms of its professionalism
  •  and ability to mobilise financial resources.
  • After the reforms in the 1990s, the government in 2005-06 initiated a 
  • consolidation program that resulted in the number of RRBs declining from
  •  196 in 2005 to 43 in FY21, and 30 of the 43 RRBs reported net profits. 
  • RRB'S Functions:
  • To provide safety to the savings of customers 
  • To create credit and increase the supply of money 
  • To encourage public confidence in the financial system
  •  To mobilize the savings of public 
  • To increase its network so as to reach every segment of the society 
  • To provide financial services to all customers irrespective of their level of 
  • income To bring in social equity by providing financial services to every 
  • stratum of society.
  •  Issues Related to RRBs

  • Rising Cost: The rising cost of operations of  RRBs as compared to
  •  scheduled commercial banks.
    •  The government wants them to work towards increasing their earnings.
  • Limited Activities: Due to the fact that many of these branches don't have
  •  enough business, they are incurring losses.
    • In rural areas, they mainly offer government schemes like direct benifit
    •  transfer.
  • Low Internet Banking: At present only 19 RRBs have internet banking 
  • facilities and 37 have mobile banking licenses. 
    • Existing regulations allow only those RRBs to offer internet banking 
    • which maintains minimum statutory CRAR of more than 10%.

    • How are RRBs being Reformed by the Government
    • The main aim of establishing NABARD was to promote 
    • sustainable and impartial agriculture and enhance rural prosperity 
    • through effective credit support, related services, institution 
    • development, and other innovative initiatives.

  • Hence, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
  •  (Nabard) will spearhead the initiative to revive the RRBs.
    • Further, the development bank is already working on a roadmap 
    • for 22 RRBs which is expected to be implemented by the end of this
    •  year. The plan also included merging branches of these RRBs with
    •  sponsor banks once these branches reach a certain level of business.
    • Last year, the government set up a panel with members drawn from 
    • Nabard and the RBI to give recommendations for strengthening the
    •  regional lenders. 
      • The government has contributed RS 4,084 crores towards RRB 
      • recapitalization in 2021-22, of which Rs. 3,197 crores has been
      •  released to 21 lenders. focus on financial inclusion by leveraging
      •  technology


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